{"id":3462,"date":"2021-10-14T11:06:35","date_gmt":"2021-10-14T08:06:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.petyasam.com\/blog\/kopegin-kokeni-evcillestirilmesi-kopeklerin-atalari-kim\/"},"modified":"2021-10-14T11:06:35","modified_gmt":"2021-10-14T08:06:35","slug":"kopegin-kokeni-evcillestirilmesi-kopeklerin-atalari-kim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.petyasam.com\/blog\/kopegin-kokeni-evcillestirilmesi-kopeklerin-atalari-kim\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00f6pe\u011fin K\u00f6keni &#8211; Evcille\u015ftirilmesi: K\u00f6peklerin Atalar\u0131 Kim?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>K\u00f6pe\u011fin k\u00f6keni<\/strong>, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde art\u0131k her evde bak\u0131labilen ve herkes taraf\u0131nda merak edilen canl\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00f6peklerin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fleri ve boyutlar\u0131 farkl\u0131 olan 400\u2019den fazla cins \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi bilinen et\u00e7il ve memeli bir hayvand\u0131r. Latince ad\u0131 <strong>trinominal\u2019dir.<\/strong> K\u00f6pek, boz kurdun alt t\u00fcr\u00fcnden biridir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda tilki ve \u00e7akalla da akrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunur. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n en yak\u0131n dostu olarak biline k\u00f6peklerin tarihi Orta Asya\u2019ya kadar uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlendi. \u015eu anda D\u00fcnya da tahminen bilinen <strong>k\u00f6pek say\u0131s\u0131<\/strong> yakla\u015f\u0131k 525 milyondur.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u00f6pe\u011fin K\u00f6keni: K\u00f6pek Kelimesi Nereden Gelir?<\/h2>\n<p>Etimolojisine bakacak olursak k\u00f6pek kelimesi modern T\u00fcrk\u00e7emize 15.yy. tahminen K\u0131p\u00e7ak T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi\u2019nden geldi\u011fi ifade edilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc k\u00f6pek s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc K\u0131p\u00e7ak T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi\u2019nde -kabarmak, irile\u015fmek anlam\u0131na gelmekte olan k\u00f6p- fiilinden geliyor. Kelimenin sonundaki -ek tak\u0131s\u0131 da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltme anlam\u0131n\u0131 katmaktad\u0131r. Araplara T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011fretmek i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lan Kitab\u00fc\u2019l-idrak li-Lisani\u2019l Etrak yani T\u00fcrklerin Di\u015fini Anlama kitab\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a iri ve t\u00fcyl\u00fc olan t\u00fcr\u00fcne k\u00f6pek denmi\u015ftir. K\u00f6pek s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc dilimize tam olarak yerle\u015fmeden \u00f6nce <strong>it <\/strong>kelimesi ile ayn\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131. Bu it s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Orhun Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda yer alan \u0131t ile halk a\u011fz\u0131nda ve \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerde it olarak yayg\u0131nl\u0131kla halen de kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00f6pek kelimesi sadece erkek k\u00f6pekler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rken<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/petyasam.com\/kopek-isimleri\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"> di\u015fi k\u00f6pekleri <\/a><\/strong>kanc\u0131k olarak isimlendiriliyordu. Dilimize <strong>Fars\u00e7a<\/strong> bir kelime olan kani\u00e7ak yani gen\u00e7 k\u0131z kelimesinden ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Fars\u00e7as\u0131nda s\u00f6zc\u00fck kaniza \u015feklinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. K\u00f6peklerin yavrular\u0131na ise <strong>enik<\/strong> denmektedir. K\u00f6pekler genellikle ku\u00e7u diye seslenerek \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu sesleni\u015f Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu b\u00f6lgesinde ve K\u00fcrt\u00e7edeki k\u00f6pek kelimeleriyle yak\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>K\u00f6pekler Nas\u0131l Evcille\u015fti? \u0130lk K\u00f6pek Ne Zaman Evcille\u015fti?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Bundan 60 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde Asya b\u00f6lgesinde gelinci\u011fe benzeyen memeli k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir canl\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu memeli Miacis olarak bilinir. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1,7 kg arkadaki bacaklar\u0131 \u00f6n bacaklar\u0131ndan uzundu. Pelvis b\u00f6lgesi k\u00f6pe\u011fi and\u0131ran canl\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6pek familyas\u0131n\u0131n ortak atas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bunlar; kurt, k\u00f6pek, \u00e7akal ve tilki&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>K\u00f6pe\u011fe benzeyen ilk memeli Miacis\u2019ten ilk defa ger\u00e7ek bir k\u00f6pek evrimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu canl\u0131ya Cynodictis ad\u0131 verildi. Orta b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte bir boyuta sahip olup uzun kuyruklu ve uzun t\u00fcylere sahip memeliydi. Bin y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Cynodictis memeli Afrika ve Asya\u2019ya do\u011fru yay\u0131ld\u0131. Avrasya\u2019da yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kurtlar\u0131n, k\u00f6peklerin ve tilkilerin atas\u0131 olan Tomarctus ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bulunan fosil kay\u0131tlar\u0131na dayanarak Tun\u00e7 Devrine girmeden \u00f6nce D\u00fcnyam\u0131zda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki 5 k\u00f6pek \u0131rk\u0131 vard\u0131:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mastifler,<\/li>\n<li>Kurda benzeyen k\u00f6pek \u0131rk\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Avc\u0131l\u0131kta bir numara olan Taz\u0131lar,<\/li>\n<li>Av\u0131 takip eden k\u00f6pek \u0131rklar\u0131- Pointer,<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7oban K\u00f6pe\u011fi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu canl\u0131larla ilgili fosil kay\u0131tlar\u0131na ilk kez Kuzey Amerika b\u00f6lgesinde rastlan\u0131ld\u0131. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 14.000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde kurtlardan <strong>k\u00f6pek evcille\u015ftirme<\/strong> yap\u0131ld\u0131. K\u0131saca 14.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ilk kez k\u00f6pek evcille\u015ftirilmesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. \u0130lk k\u00f6pekler on iki-on d\u00f6rt bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Hindistan b\u00f6lgesinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 o zamanki b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren bozkurt soyundan geldi. Bu bozkurt cinsi s\u0131ras\u0131yla Avrupa, Asya ve Kuzey Amerika b\u00f6lgesine kadar yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>** Baz\u0131 Afrikal\u0131 k\u00f6pek \u0131rklar\u0131n\u0131n atas\u0131 kurtlardan de\u011fil \u00e7akallardan gelme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>K\u00f6pek ve \u0130nsan Aras\u0131ndaki \u0130li\u015fki<\/h3>\n<p>K\u00f6pek ve insanlar\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki sand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda da \u00e7ok eskiye dayan\u0131r. Tarih\u00e7i Lloyd M. Wendt g\u00f6re k\u00f6pek-insan ili\u015fkisinin 1000.000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Genel olarak evcille\u015ftirme de\u011fil k\u00f6pek-insan tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n 80.000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar gidilmesi olarak s\u00f6ylenir. Evcille\u015ftirilmi\u015f k\u00f6peklerle ilgili bulunan bulgular\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7ebe kavimler ile ilgili ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin M\u0131s\u0131r halk\u0131 avlar\u0131n\u0131 ve yeti\u015ftirdikleri di\u011fer hayvanlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in koruma k\u00f6pekleri yeti\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. Persler, Asurlular, Hititler ve Babil gibi imparatorluklar da genellikle d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fc k\u00f6pekler yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>K\u00f6pe\u011fin k\u00f6keni, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde art\u0131k her evde bak\u0131labilen ve herkes taraf\u0131nda merak edilen canl\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00f6peklerin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fleri ve boyutlar\u0131 farkl\u0131 olan 400\u2019den fazla cins \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi bilinen et\u00e7il ve memeli bir hayvand\u0131r. Latince ad\u0131 trinominal\u2019dir. K\u00f6pek, boz kurdun alt t\u00fcr\u00fcnden biridir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda tilki ve \u00e7akalla da akrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunur. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n en yak\u0131n dostu olarak biline k\u00f6peklerin tarihi Orta &#8230; <a title=\"K\u00f6pe\u011fin K\u00f6keni &#8211; Evcille\u015ftirilmesi: K\u00f6peklerin Atalar\u0131 Kim?\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.petyasam.com\/blog\/kopegin-kokeni-evcillestirilmesi-kopeklerin-atalari-kim\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about K\u00f6pe\u011fin K\u00f6keni &#8211; Evcille\u015ftirilmesi: K\u00f6peklerin Atalar\u0131 Kim?\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3463,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3462","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kopek-bilgi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.petyasam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3462","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.petyasam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.petyasam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.petyasam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.petyasam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3462"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.petyasam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3462\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.petyasam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.petyasam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3462"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.petyasam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3462"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.petyasam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3462"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}